What is a common risk factor for cancer development?

Smoking is a well-documented risk factor for the development of cancer because it is linked to a variety of cancer types, especially lung cancer, as well as cancers of the throat, mouth, esophagus, and bladder. Tobacco smoke contains numerous carcinogens, which are substances that can lead to cancer. When inhaled, these chemicals can cause genetic mutations in cells, promoting uncontrolled cell growth, which can eventually lead to cancer formation. The substantial body of research demonstrating the causal relationship between smoking and cancer underscores its classification as a major preventable risk factor in public health.

In contrast, high physical activity levels are generally associated with a lower risk of developing cancer. Regular exercise can strengthen the immune system, help maintain a healthy body weight, and reduce inflammation, all of which contribute to cancer prevention. Low body weight and a balanced diet are also considered protective factors against cancer, as they can reduce the risk of obesity-related cancers and improve overall health.