Which of the following conditions is typically associated with obesity?

Type 2 diabetes is closely associated with obesity due to the way excess body fat can affect insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism. When an individual is obese, particularly with an excess of visceral fat, their body's ability to use insulin effectively is compromised, leading to higher blood sugar levels. Over time, this can result in insulin resistance, which is a hallmark of type 2 diabetes.

The relationship between obesity and type 2 diabetes is supported by numerous studies showing that as body mass index (BMI) increases, so does the risk of developing diabetes. In addition to genetic predisposition, lifestyle factors such as physical inactivity and poor dietary habits can further exacerbate this risk.

While other options may have connections to obesity, such as stroke and dementia being influenced by metabolic factors linked to excess weight, the strongest and most specific association is with type 2 diabetes, making it the correct choice in this context.