Which of the following factors can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes?

The identification of obesity as a factor that increases the risk of type 2 diabetes is supported by extensive research linking excess body weight to insulin resistance and impaired glucose metabolism. Obesity, particularly abdominal or visceral obesity, contributes to inflammation and disrupts the body's ability to use insulin effectively. This leads to higher blood sugar levels and often results in the development of type 2 diabetes.

In contrast, being physically active, maintaining a healthy weight, and eating a balanced diet are all associated with reducing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Engaging in regular physical activity helps improve insulin sensitivity and aids in weight management, while a balanced diet contributes to overall health and the maintenance of a healthy weight, both of which are important in preventing type 2 diabetes. Thus, while obesity is a significant risk factor, the other options play a protective role.