Which of the following is a risk factor for chronic diseases?

Smoking is a well-established risk factor for chronic diseases, as it significantly increases the likelihood of developing conditions such as heart disease, stroke, and various types of cancer. The harmful substances found in tobacco smoke can lead to damage in the cardiovascular system, reducing overall health and increasing mortality rates. In contrast, regular exercise, high water intake, and a balanced diet are associated with protective health benefits and lower the risk of chronic diseases. Engaging in regular physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight, improves cardiovascular health, and boosts overall physical fitness. Consuming a balanced diet can provide essential nutrients that support bodily functions, while adequate hydration from a high water intake aids in various physiological processes. Thus, smoking is the only option that directly correlates with an increased risk of chronic diseases.